Bestigium / Mérida
Circus · 1 layer

Roman circus of Mérida

The Roman circus of Augusta Emerita is the largest of the buildings for public spectacle that the Romans built in Mérida, and one of the largest and most important in the whole Empire. It was built in the early 1st century AD, in the Julio-Claudian period, shortly after the founding of the colony in 25 BC, with alterations documented into the 4th century AD.

Bestigium
Type
Circus
Preservation
Foundations
Protection
Listed · RI-51-0000109
Listed
13/12/1912
Coordinates
38.92003, -6.33213
Photographs
9
The site

What it is and what is left

It is rectangular in plan, oriented east–west, with a straight western end holding the twelve carceres (the starting gates for the chariots, six on each side), and a semicircular eastern end (the hemicycle) with the porta pompae, through which the winners left. It measures roughly 440 metres long by 115 wide, with an arena of some 30,000 m². The spina, the central barrier, was 240 metres long and 8.5 metres wide, and was lavishly decorated with obelisks and colossal sculpture. The seating, in ima, media and summa cavea, held some 30,000 spectators.

It was declared a national monument in 1912 and since 1993 has formed part of the Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is one of the few Roman circuses in Hispania whose full plan is still visible.

The section

What each period left here

It reads downwards: each band is a period with fabric in this site, newest first, deepest last.

25 BC – 5th c. Level 1
4 facts
8 photographs
Roman

Roman

This site has fabric from this period. Mérida has 57 more sites built in the same layer.

See the whole layer →
Fact

Until the 1980s the old Madrid–Badajoz road ran across a corner of the circus, crossing the railway on a level crossing at what is now the junction of avenida de Extremadura and avenida Juan Carlos I. An underpass eventually freed the monument.

Televisión Extremeña — Historias de Mérida
Fact

The charioteer reckoned the best-paid sportsman in history was from Mérida: Gaius Appuleius Diocles, born here in AD 104, ran 4,257 races, won 1,462 and retired at 42 with 35,863,120 sesterces. He probably started in this circus.

La Brújula Verde — Cayo Apuleyo Diocles
Fact

Racing went on here long after Christianity became the official religion: the gravestone of the charioteer Sabinianus, found in the basilica of Casa Herrera, is dated to the 6th century and shows he was a Christian who did not give up the trade but had it carved beside his name.

Circo romano de Mérida — Wikipedia
Fact

The circus was built some 400 metres from the city, outside the wall, simply because it did not fit inside: at 440 m long it was the largest building for spectacle in Augusta Emerita.

Circo romano de Mérida — Wikipedia
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The surviving vaulted structures under the seating: all that stands above ground of the circus
The surviving vaulted structures under the seating: all that stands above ground of the circusLBM1948 · CC BY-SA 4.0
The substructures of the cavea, with the vaults that carried the seating
The substructures of the cavea, with the vaults that carried the seatingLBM1948 · CC BY-SA 4.0
The perimeter wall with a vaulted opening at ground level
The perimeter wall with a vaulted opening at ground levelLBM1948 · CC BY-SA 4.0
The track with the two alignments of the spina and the perimeter, which let you read the full plan
The track with the two alignments of the spina and the perimeter, which let you read the full planJuanje 2712 · CC BY-SA 3.0 es
The arena from the end, with the marker for the spina in the distance
The arena from the end, with the marker for the spina in the distanceXosema · CC BY-SA 4.0
Bottom of the section

Below the deepest layer of each site is the ground itself: what has not been excavated yet, or what left nothing built. The catalogue only claims what is documented.

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